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Updated 1/23/07

 

Graphic Style: From Victorian to Digital
Book by Seymour Chwast, Steven Heller
By the close of the nineteenth century, industry had become an accepted fact of life. Even billowing smokestacks, once the harbingers of industrial evil, had become symbols of progress in advertising imagery. Yet, despite the increasing need for distinctive advertising, the antagonism between art and industry continued. As a rule, manufacturers and retailers were not interested in achieving superior design and printing for their advertising, being more concerned with selling their products in the most convenient and often the most garish manner. Businessmen dictated their preferences to visually unimaginative advertising agents; the agents would then job out commissions to printers, who in turn produced standardized layouts.
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Milton Glaser
Encyclopedia article from the Columbia Encyclopedia
1929–, widely considered America's preeminent graphic designer of the last half of the 20th cent., b. New York City. After graduating (1951) from New York's Cooper Union Art School, he studied in Italy. In 1954 Glaser and three partners founded a groundbreaking New York design firm, the Push Pin Studio. From that point on, Glaser's ever-changing design work, which draws widely on art history, has had enormous international influence.
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Modern Critical Interpretations: Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms
Book edited and with an introduction by Harold Bloom Sterling Professor of the Humanities Yale University
Hemingway freely proclaimed his relationship to Huckleberry Finn, and there is some basis for the assertion, except that there is little in common between the rhetorical stances of Twain and Hemingway. Kipling's Kim, in style and mode, is far closer to Huckleberry Finn than anything Hemingway wrote. The true accent of Hemingway's admirable style is to be found in an even greater and more surprising precursor: "This grass is very dark to be from the white heads of old mothers, Darker than the colorless beards of old men, Dark to come from under the faint red roofs of mouths . . ."
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Beowulf: The Oldest English Epic
Book translated into Alliterative Verse with a Critical Introduction by Charles W. Kennedy
Oxford University Press, Oxford London New York
The Old English Beowulf holds a unique place as the oldest epic narrative in any modern European tongue. Of unknown authorship, and dating in all probability from the early eighth century, the poem gives brilliant presentment of the spirit and embodiment of the heroic tradition. Illuminating studies of the Beowulf, in comparatively recent years, by Ker, Lawrence, Chambers, Klaeber, Malone, and others, have brought increasing appraisal of the extent to which Scandinavian backgrounds are reflected in its material, literary tradition in its structure, and Christian influence in its spirit.
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Mahatma Gandhi: Peaceful Revolutionary
Book by Haridas T. Muzumdar
"The light has gone out of our lives," said Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, in an impromptu radio address upon Gandhi's martyrdom; "there is darkness everywhere." Could it really be that Gandhi's light ceased to shine since he was no longer with us in his puny bundle of flesh and bones? Correcting himself, Nehru continued: "I was wrong. For the light that shone in this country was no ordinary light. The light that has illumined this country for these many years will illumine this country for many more years; and a thousand years later, that light will be seen in this country, and the world will see it and it will give solace to innumerable hearts. For that light represented something more than the immediate present; it represented the living truth . . . the eternal truths, reminding us of the right path, drawing us from error, taking this ancient country to freedom."
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